Person1745 – 1813

Mikhail Kutuzov

Russian field marshal who fought Napoleon's army at Borodino in 1812, gave up Moscow and then pursued and shattered the retreating French

Where they went

1803 – 1815Napoleonic Warscommander
The wars between Napoleon's France and coalitions of Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia. France came to dominate most of the Continent but collapsed after the failed invasion of Russia.
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1812Napoleon's Invasion of Russiacommander
Napoleon led a vast army to punish Russia for breaking the Continental System and reached Moscow, but scorched-earth tactics and the winter cold destroyed most of his army on the retreat.

Dramatized works (films, dramas, novels) may differ from the historical record.

Napoleon Bonaparte1769 – 1821
Revolutionary general, later Emperor of the French
Alexander I of Russia1777 – 1825
Emperor of Russia (1801–1825) who defeated Napoleon's invasion, attended the Congress of Vienna in person and proposed the Holy Alliance
Duke of Wellington1769 – 1852
Arthur Wellesley, British general and statesman who drove the French out of the Iberian Peninsula and defeated Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815; later prime minister

Revolutions and Nation-States1776 – 1871
From the Declaration of Independence to the German Empire — a century in which liberalism and nationalism toppled the old order in Europe and the Americas and built nation-states