Conflict4th lunar month, 1871 (June 1871)(Lunar)

United States expedition to Korea

Also called: United States expedition to Korea

A US squadron sent over the General Sherman incident attacked Ganghwa. Eo Jae-yeon fell at Gwangseongbo, and the Daewongun put up steles rejecting peace with the West.

USS Palos at anchor in the Salee (Ganghwa) River, 1871
USS Palos at anchor in the Salee (Ganghwa) River, 1871

National Museum of the U.S. Navy · Public domain · Source

In 1866 the American merchant ship General Sherman sailed up the Taedong River to Pyongyang demanding trade and behaving violently, and was burned by the governor Park Gyu-su and local people. To press the matter and open trade, the United States sent five warships under Admiral John Rodgers in 1871.

US forces seized Chojijin and Deokjinjin on the Ganghwa strait and attacked Gwangseongbo. The Korean troops under Eo Jae-yeon fought to the end and nearly all were killed; the Americans carried off the commander’s flag. Joseon still refused to negotiate, and the squadron withdrew.

The Daewongun set up steles in Jongno and across the country reading, “The Western barbarians invade; not to fight is to seek peace, and to urge peace is to sell out the nation,” and held firm to his policy of refusing relations.

The map in 1871

OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles © OpenStreetMap contributors

States and rulers at the time
Joseon · invaded — Gojong
United States · invader — President Ulysses S. Grant
Places
Gwangseongbo, Ganghwa

People

  • Eo Jae-yeon1823 – 1871

    commander · Commander killed defending Gwangseongbo against the Americans in 1871

  • Heungseon Daewongun1820 – 1898

    related figure · Gojong's father and regent, who rebuilt Gyeongbokgung and rejected Western trade

Before and after

Later
1871 Iwakura Mission

Themes that include this event

  • The Opening of East Asia1839 – 1901

    From the Opium War to the Boxer Protocol — sixty years in which China, Japan and Korea, forced open by Western gunboats, each tried to reform and went separate ways

  • Ganghwa Island1000 BC – 2011

    From dolmens to the Treaty of Ganghwa — Goryeo’s refuge capital and the stage of Korea’s opening, the island the kingdom fell back on in every crisis