Liang Qichao
Also called: Liang Ch’i-ch’ao
Disciple of Kang Youwei in the Hundred Days’ Reform who, after the coup, spread new ideas from exile in Japan through his journals
Also called: Liang Ch’i-ch’ao
Disciple of Kang Youwei in the Hundred Days’ Reform who, after the coup, spread new ideas from exile in Japan through his journals
Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao persuaded the Guangxu Emperor to launch reforms toward a constitutional monarchy on the Meiji model, but Empress Dowager Cixi’s coup ended them after about a hundred days.
Phan Bội Châu sent young Vietnamese to study in Japan to train leaders against France. It ended when Japan came to terms with France.
Qing reformer who led the Hundred Days’ Reform, seeking a constitutional monarchy on the model of Meiji Japan
Eleventh Qing emperor (r. 1875–1908) who backed Kang Youwei’s reforms but was confined after the coup of 1898
Consort of the Xianfeng Emperor and mother of the Tongzhi Emperor who held real power in Qing China for nearly half a century and crushed the 1898 reforms
Vietnamese nationalist who founded the Modernization Society, led the Đông Du (Go East) movement sending students to Japan and wrote the History of the Loss of Vietnam
From the Opium War to the Boxer Protocol — sixty years in which China, Japan and Korea, forced open by Western gunboats, each tried to reform and went separate ways
From the Tanzimat to Sarajevo — seventy-five years in which the powers carved up West Asia, India, Southeast Asia, Africa and the Pacific, and the peoples there answered with reform and resistance