ConflictJune 1270 – April 1273(Lunar)

Sambyeolcho Resistance

Rejecting the return to Gaegyeong, the Sambyeolcho under Bae Jung-son rose on Ganghwa and, moving to Jindo and then Jeju, held out for three years against combined Goryeo and Mongol forces.

Hangpaduri, the Jeju fortress of the Sambyeolcho’s last stand
Hangpaduri, the Jeju fortress of the Sambyeolcho’s last stand

Chipmunkdavis · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Source

The Sambyeolcho had been the military backbone of the Choe regime. In the sixth month of 1270 Bae Jung-son made the royal kinsman Wang On king and sailed with over a thousand ships to Jindo, where he built Yongjangseong and controlled the southern coast; a letter to Japan presented them as the government of Goryeo.

When Goryeo-Mongol forces took Jindo in the fifth month of 1271 and Bae fell, Kim Tong-jeong led the survivors to Jeju and fought on from Hangpaduri. Jeju fell in the fourth month of 1273, and the Yuan set up the Tamna Commandery there. The resistance is seen as an expression of defiance against the Mongols.

The map in 1270

OpenFreeMap © OpenMapTiles © OpenStreetMap contributors

States and rulers at the time
Goryeo · allied force — Wonjong
Yuan · allied force — Kublai Khan (Shizu)
Places
Ganghwa, Yongjangseong, Jindo, Hangpaduri Fortress, Jeju

People

  • Bae Jung-son1271

    leader · Leader of the Sambyeolcho who rejected the return to Gaegyeong and resisted from Jindo

  • Kim Tong-jeong1273

    leader · Sambyeolcho leader who fought on from Jeju after Jindo fell

  • King Wonjong1219 – 1274

    monarch · Twenty-fourth king of Goryeo, who made peace with Kublai and returned the court to Gaegyeong in 1270

Before and after

Related works

  • TV episode: History Journal: The Day Episode 142: The Sambyeolcho Set Up Another Goryeo GovernmentTV episode · 2016 · KBS1

Themes that include this event

  • Military Systems Through the AgesAD 685 – 1907

    From the Nine Oath Banners to the Two Armies and Six Guards, the Five Commands and garrison system, the Five Army Camps and the Board of Marshals — armies rebuilt at every crisis

  • Ganghwa Island1000 BC – 2011

    From dolmens to the Treaty of Ganghwa — Goryeo’s refuge capital and the stage of Korea’s opening, the island the kingdom fell back on in every crisis

  • Jeju Island1270 – 1948

    From Tamna to Jeju — the Sambyeolcho’s last stand, Yuan horse ranches, castaways and exiles, and the island of April 3