EconomyApplied to Korea May 1938

National Mobilization Law and Wartime Exploitation

Japan enacted the National Mobilization Law and drew Korea’s people and materials into its wars of aggression at will, taking rice and even brassware and sending young people to battlefields and factories.

Newspaper reporting the passage of the National Mobilization Law — 1938
Newspaper reporting the passage of the National Mobilization Law — 1938

Unknown author · Public domain · Source

From the early 1930s Japan made Korea a supply base for continental expansion, building munitions industries in the north and pushing cotton in the south and sheep in the north. To ease rural discontent it ran the Rural Revitalization Campaign (1932) and issued the Agricultural Land Ordinance (1934).

In 1938, after the war with China began, the National Mobilization Law was applied to Korea, and daily life was controlled through the Korean League for National Spiritual Mobilization and its ten-household patriotic units. Rice was compulsorily purchased, food was rationed, and metal down to brass bowls, spoons and church bells was collected for weapons.

People were mobilized through the army special volunteer system (1938), the student volunteer system (1943), conscription (1944) and the National Requisition Ordinance (1939). Women were sent to factories under the Women’s Volunteer Labour Corps Ordinance (1944), and some were taken as Japanese military "comfort women".

The map in 1938

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States and rulers at the time
Korea under Japanese rule — Governor-General Minami Jirō
Japan · ruling power — Emperor Shōwa

People

  • Minami Jirō1874 – 1955

    related figure · Seventh Governor-General of Korea, who pushed "Japan and Korea as one", imperial-subject policies and the name-change order

1 part of this event

  1. Japan forcibly took Koreans to coal mines, munitions plants and airfield construction in Japan, Sakhalin, the South Sea islands and elsewhere, and in the last years of the war conscripted them as soldiers.

Before and after

Related works

Dramatized works (films, dramas, novels) may differ from the historical record.

Themes that include this event

  • World War II and Korea1937 – 1945

    Wartime mobilization and exploitation, independence armies, from the Cairo Declaration to liberation

  • Republican China and Imperial Japan1912 – 1949

    The age when the Republic of China, born of the 1911 Revolution, passed through warlord division, the May Fourth Movement, the United Front and the Northern Expedition, fought Japan’s invasion and split in civil war — as Japan moved from Taishō democracy through the Manchurian Incident and military coups to the war in China and the Co-Prosperity Sphere, and colonized Korea resisted through the March First Movement and armed struggle