Eighteenth king of Joseon, born in Shenyang where his father Hyojong was a hostage; both mourning-rite disputes took place in his reign
Soon after he took the throne in 1659, the Gihae mourning dispute over the queen dowager's mourning for Hyojong was settled in favour of the Westerners' one-year view. When the Gabin dispute arose in 1674 over mourning for Hyojong's queen, he accepted the Southerners' position and the Southerners took power.
Twice, on the deaths of Hyojong and his queen, the Westerners and Southerners clashed over how long the dowager queen should wear mourning; the Westerners won in 1659, the Southerners in 1674.
Leader of the Westerners (later the Noron), adviser to Hyojong’s northern campaign plan and chief voice in the mourning-rite disputes; forced to take poison in 1689
Southerner scholar who opposed Song Si-yeol in the mourning-rite disputes, stressing Hyojong’s legitimacy as king
From the literati purges to in-law government — how Sarim factions moved from coexistence and checks to purges and one-faction rule, then through Tangpyeong to the dominance of a few clans