Gustavus Adolphus
Also called: Gustav II Adolf
King of Sweden (r. 1611–1632) who entered the Thirty Years’ War at the head of the Protestant side and fell at the Battle of Lützen
Also called: Gustav II Adolf
King of Sweden (r. 1611–1632) who entered the Thirty Years’ War at the head of the Protestant side and fell at the Battle of Lützen
The last great war of religion, fought mainly in the Holy Roman Empire from the 1618 revolt of Bohemian Protestants until 1648; as Denmark, Sweden and France joined in, it became a struggle for European supremacy.
From Luther’s Ninety-five Theses to Catherine the Great — the wars of religion of a divided Christendom ended at Westphalia, and absolute monarchs armed with divine right, standing armies, bureaucracies and mercantilism, followed by the enlightened despots of eastern Europe, contended for the balance of power among sovereign states