Charles Martel
Also called: Carolus Martellus
Mayor of the palace of the Frankish kingdom who defeated the Muslim army at Tours–Poitiers in 732; his authority paved the way for his son Pepin to found the Carolingian dynasty
Son of Pepin II, the mayor of the palace who held real power under the Merovingian kings, he won a civil war to become mayor himself and effectively ruled the kingdom while keeping a king on the throne. Defeating the Muslim army at Tours–Poitiers in 732 earned him the name Martel, “the Hammer”. He is said to have granted church lands to warriors to raise cavalry, which is sometimes linked to later feudalism. His son Pepin founded the Carolingian dynasty in 751.