Aristotle
Pupil of Plato and tutor of Alexander who founded the Lyceum and systematised logic, ethics, politics and natural science
Born at Stagira, the son of a physician to the Macedonian court, he studied for nearly twenty years at Plato’s Academy. At the request of Philip II of Macedon he tutored the young Alexander. In 335 BC he founded the Lyceum in Athens, where he taught while walking, so his school was called the Peripatetic. Starting from observation of real things rather than the Forms, he systematised logic, ethics, politics, poetics and biology, and his learning, passed on through the Islamic world, shaped the scholasticism of medieval Europe.