Independence of the Kingdom of Iraq
Iraq, a British mandate, became independent on joining the League of Nations—the first mandate to do so—though Britain kept military bases and oil interests.

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In 1921 Britain placed the Kingdom of Iraq, with Faisal as king, under its mandate. The great oil strike at Kirkuk in 1927 raised Britain’s stake. In the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930 Britain promised independence in return for air bases and wartime cooperation, and on 3 October 1932 Iraq joined the League of Nations as the first mandate to become independent. British influence persisted, however, and after a pro-German coup in 1941 British troops returned. The monarchy fell in the revolution of 1958.