Politics220

Fall of the Han and Founding of Wei

Cao Cao’s son Cao Pi received the throne from Emperor Xian and founded Wei. The Han dynasty, which had lasted over four centuries, came to an end and the Three Kingdoms period began.

Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei — Yan Liben, Thirteen Emperors Scroll
Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei — Yan Liben, Thirteen Emperors Scroll

Yan Li-pen · Public domain · Source

When Cao Cao died early in 220, his son Cao Pi inherited the title King of Wei and in the tenth month had Emperor Xian abdicate in his favour, founding Wei with its capital at Luoyang. This ended the Han dynasty founded by Liu Bang. Wei introduced the nine-rank system for selecting officials, which later let aristocratic clans monopolise office. Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor of Shu Han the following year, and Sun Quan emperor of Wu in 229, so that three emperors stood side by side.

The map in AD 220

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States and rulers at the time
Han · fell
Cao Wei · founded — Emperor Wen (Cao Pi)
Places
Xuchang, Luoyang

People

  • Cao PiAD 187 – AD 226

    leader · First emperor of Wei (Emperor Wen), son of Cao Cao, who received the throne from Emperor Xian in 220

  • Emperor Xian of HanAD 181 – AD 234

    monarch · Last emperor of the Eastern Han, controlled by Dong Zhuo and then Cao Cao, who abdicated to Cao Pi in 220

  • Cao CaoAD 155 – AD 220

    related figure · Chancellor and King of Wei in the late Han, who controlled Emperor Xian, defeated Yuan Shao at Guandu and unified the north, laying the foundation of Wei

Before and after

Related works

Dramatized works (films, dramas, novels) may differ from the historical record.

Themes that include this event

  • Ancient China and India770 BC – AD 220

    From the Hundred Schools of the Warring States to the unified empires of Qin and Han, and from the Buddha to the Maurya and Kushan empires — the millennium that shaped East and South Asian civilisation

  • The Three KingdomsAD 184 – AD 280

    From the Yellow Turban Rebellion to the Jin reunification — a century of Wei, Shu and Wu, the age of Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan