Politics11 February 1896

Royal refuge at the Russian legation

Gojong slipped out of Gyeongbokgung with the crown prince and moved into the Russian legation, where he stayed a year and formed a pro-Russian cabinet.

The Russian legation in Jeong-dong, Seoul, around 1900
The Russian legation in Jeong-dong, Seoul, around 1900

Homer B. Hulbert, The Passing of Korea (1906) · Public domain · Source

The queen’s murder and the topknot ban had inflamed anti-Japanese feeling, and with palace guards sent to fight the righteous armies Seoul was thinly defended. Pro-Russian officials such as Yi Beom-jin and Yi Wan-yong plotted with the Russian minister Karl Waeber, and Gojong and the crown prince left Gyeongbokgung in court ladies’ palanquins for the Russian legation in Jeong-dong.

The pro-Japanese Kim Hong-jip cabinet collapsed; Kim Hong-jip and Eo Yun-jung were killed by angry crowds and Yu Gil-jun and others fled to Japan. The new pro-Russian cabinet rescinded the topknot ban and urged the righteous armies to disband.

Russian influence grew, and the powers used most-favoured-nation clauses to seize concessions: Russia won timber rights on the Yalu and Tumen and on Ulleungdo, and the United States the Unsan gold mine and the Seoul–Incheon railway. Under pressure from the Independence Club and others, Gojong returned to Gyeongungung in February 1897.

The map in 1896

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States and rulers at the time
Joseon — Gojong
Russia
Places
Russian Legation

People

  • Gojong1852 – 1919

    leader · Twenty-sixth king of Joseon and first emperor of the Korean Empire

  • Kim Hong-jip1842 – 1896

    related figure · Prime minister who led the Gabo Reform; killed by a crowd after the king fled to the Russian legation

Before and after