Sophocles
Also called: Sophokles
Tragic poet of ancient Athens, author of Oedipus the King and Antigone, counted with Aeschylus and Euripides among the three great tragedians
Born to a wealthy family at Colonus near Athens, he first competed in the tragic contest of the Dionysia in 468 BC and defeated Aeschylus. Over his lifetime he wrote more than 120 plays and is said to have won 24 times, never placing lower than second. Aristotle credits him with adding a third actor, so that dialogue between characters rather than the chorus drove the drama. Seven plays survive complete, including Antigone, Oedipus the King and Electra; his last, Oedipus at Colonus, was staged after his death in 401 BC. He was also active as a citizen, serving as a treasurer of the Athenian alliance and, according to tradition, as a general with Pericles in the Samian campaign.