PersonAD 641
Heraclius
Byzantine emperor (r. 610–641) who defeated Sasanian Persia but lost Syria and Egypt to the Arab Muslims
Byzantine emperor (r. 610–641) who defeated Sasanian Persia but lost Syria and Egypt to the Arab Muslims
Emperor Heraclius defeated Sasanian Persia and saw the empire through crisis by dividing it into military districts (themes) whose commanders also ran civil government.
From the fall of Rome in the West to Canossa — the feudal West built by the Franks and the papacy, Byzantium as heir of Rome, and a church divided east and west