Gyeonghaksa and the Sinheung School in Western Jiandao
Sinminhoe members including the Yi Hoe-yeong brothers and Yi Sang-ryong moved to Samwonbo in western Jiandao and founded the self-governing Gyeonghaksa and the Sinheung school to train independence fighters.
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Around the annexation, activists built bases abroad for a long war of independence. In 1911 the Gyeonghaksa was founded at Samwonbo in Liuhe County to look after Korean settlers’ farming and schooling, together with the Sinheung school for training soldiers. The Gyeonghaksa developed into the Buminhoe and Hanjokhoe, and the school became the Sinheung Military Academy in 1919, whose 3,500 or so graduates formed the core of the independence armies.
In northern Jiandao there were the Seojeon and Myeongdong schools at Yongjeong and the Ganminhoe, and at Mishan the settlement of Hanheung-dong. In the Russian Maritime Province there were the Gwonophoe and the Gwangbokgun Government at Sinhanchon; in America the Korean National Association (1910) and Park Yong-man’s Korean National Brigade (1914, Hawaii); in Shanghai the Dongjesa (1912).